Feedstock Analysis for RINs Credits
To increase the renewable energy usage in transportation fuel, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) was created in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (RFS1)
and was revised in 2007 (RFS2). RFS is administered by Environmental protection agency (EPA) by using Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs)
and Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) as tools. RVOs are volume targets for producers and importers of petroleum-based gasoline or diesel fuel (obligated parties),
while RIN gives flexibility in the ways to demonstrate that they have complied with the annual RVO.
RINs are credits used for compliance and the currency of RFS program. They are saleable regulatory credits that represent a quantity of qualifying renewable fuel. To qualify as a renewable fuel under RFS program, a fuel should be produced from the approved feedstock through an approved pathway. For any approved feedstock there may be many approved conversion processes. RINs are generated when producer makes a gallon of renewable fuel and are attached to it. Obligated parties should blend the renewable fuel in to fuel derived from petrol or purchase RINs credits to meet their specified annual volume obligation.
RINs are credits used for compliance and the currency of RFS program. They are saleable regulatory credits that represent a quantity of qualifying renewable fuel. To qualify as a renewable fuel under RFS program, a fuel should be produced from the approved feedstock through an approved pathway. For any approved feedstock there may be many approved conversion processes. RINs are generated when producer makes a gallon of renewable fuel and are attached to it. Obligated parties should blend the renewable fuel in to fuel derived from petrol or purchase RINs credits to meet their specified annual volume obligation.
There are five different types of individual RINs based on the fuel type, feedstock and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction requirement:
| Category | Code | GHG Reduction Requirement | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cellulosic Biofuel | D3 | 60% | Any biofuel made from cellulose, renewable gasoline, biogas-derived CNG and LNG. |
| Cellulosic Diesel | D7 | 60% | Cellulosic diesel, jet fuel and heating oil |
| Advanced Biofuels | D5 | 50% | Renewable fuel other than ethanol derived from corn starch (sugar cane ethanol), biogas from other waste digesters, etc. |
| Biomass-Derived Diesel | D4 | 50% | Meets the definition of either biodiesel or non-ester renewable diesel. |
| Renewable Fuel | D6 | 20% | Produced from renewable biomass and is used to replace quantity of fossil fuel present in transportation fuel, heating fuel, or jet-fuel (e.g. Corn ethanol) |
Cellulosic biofuel (D3) and bio-based diesel (D4) are nested under advanced biofuels, while bio-based diesel can also be cellulosic diesel (D7)
if it is made from cellulosic feedstock. Advanced biofuel itself is nested under total renewable fuels. Total renewable fuel can be satisfied by producing
any type of renewable fuel, while advanced biofuel is satisfied by D3, D7, D5 and D4 categories. Bio-based diesel volume requirements can be satisfied by the diesel from
non-cellulosic or cellulosic feedstock (D4 and D7), but cellulosic biofuels (D3) volume targets are strictly met by fuels made from cellulosic feedstock.
The Clean Air Act specifies national volume targets of renewable fuel that are intended to be achieved under RFS program each year. The targets for 2018 are given below.
* - All values are ethanol-equivalent on an energy content basis, except values for BBD which are given in actual gallons.
| Type of Renewable Fuel | Billion Gallons* |
|---|---|
| Cellulosic Biofuel | 7 |
| Biomass-Based Diesel | >1 |
| Advanced Biofuel | 11 |
| Renewable Fuel | 26 |
* - All values are ethanol-equivalent on an energy content basis, except values for BBD which are given in actual gallons.
The CAA provides EPA with the authority to calculate and enact final volume requirements considering shortfalls and growth of the biofuel industry.
Slow growth of cellulosic biofuel industry has become a challenge or hurdle to meet the applicable volume targets. EPA used “cellulosic waiver authority”
provided by the statute to reduce the volume requirements for 2018 (see the table below). It is mentioned that “While we are reducing the required volume of total renewable fuel,
advanced biofuel and cellulosic biofuel below statutory levels, the required volumes in this rule would achieve the implied statutory volumes for conventional biofuel and non-cellulosic advanced biofuel for 2018”.
All values are ethanol-equivalent on an energy content basis, except values for BBD which are given in actual gallons.
| 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|
| Cellulosic Biofuel (million gallons) | 288 | N/A |
| Biomass-Based Diesel (billion gallons) | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Advanced Biofuel (billion gallons) | 4.29 | N/A |
| Renewable Fuel (billion gallons) | 19.29 | N/A |
All values are ethanol-equivalent on an energy content basis, except values for BBD which are given in actual gallons.
To register for the RFS and acquire RINs credits for the fuel produced or imported, the following sections under RFS should be reviewed to ensure that company or importer meets the qualifications:
EPA evaluates case-by-case through the registration process and expects that any company that registers to generate RINs must be in a position to provide all necessary documentation.
This includes type of feedstock, biofuel pathway, production process and energy demands, etc. Independent third-party Engineering Review (ER) report should be submitted from all renewable fuel and
foreign ethanol producers.
RINs are traded in two forms. The first one is assigned RINs which is directly associated with a batch of fuel from party to party and purchasers obtain both renewable fuel and
RINs together. The second one is separated RINs which are separated from the batch of renewable fuel produced and traded separately.
Renewable fuel producers generate RINs, market participants trade RINs, and obligated parties obtain and retire RINs for compliance with annual RVOs.
EPA uses the following physical format to determine RINs for each physical gallon of renewable fuel produced in or imported into the United States:
RIN format: KYYYYCCCCFFFF BBBBRRDSSSSSSSSEEEEEEEE
Renewable fuel producers generate RINs, market participants trade RINs, and obligated parties obtain and retire RINs for compliance with annual RVOs.
EPA uses the following physical format to determine RINs for each physical gallon of renewable fuel produced in or imported into the United States:
RIN format: KYYYYCCCCFFFF BBBBRRDSSSSSSSSEEEEEEEE
- K: Identifies whether RIN is attached to gallon.
- YYYY: Year of production.
- CCCC: Company ID.
- FFFF: Plant facility ID.
- BBBB: Batch number.
- RR: Biofuels equivalence value.
- D: Renewable fuel category.
- SSSSSSS: Strat number for the batch of the biofuel.
- EEEEEEE: End number for the batch of the biofuel.
The RR value is based on the energy content and renewable content of each renewable fuel in comparison to denatured ethanol. Ethanol has equivalence value (EV) 1, while biodiesel has an EV of 1.5 because of its high energy content. RR code is EV multiplied by 10, so for ethanol RR code is 10, but for biodiesel RR code is 15 and so two biodiesel RINs can replace three ethanol RINs under the RFS mandate.
- YYYY: Year of production.
- CCCC: Company ID.
- FFFF: Plant facility ID.
- BBBB: Batch number.
- RR: Biofuels equivalence value.
- D: Renewable fuel category.
- SSSSSSS: Strat number for the batch of the biofuel.
- EEEEEEE: End number for the batch of the biofuel.
The RR value is based on the energy content and renewable content of each renewable fuel in comparison to denatured ethanol. Ethanol has equivalence value (EV) 1, while biodiesel has an EV of 1.5 because of its high energy content. RR code is EV multiplied by 10, so for ethanol RR code is 10, but for biodiesel RR code is 15 and so two biodiesel RINs can replace three ethanol RINs under the RFS mandate.
As defined by the Clean Air Act, cellulosic biofuel is “a renewable fuel derived from any cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin that is derived
from renewable biomass and that has life cycle greenhouse gas emissions that are at least 60% less than the baseline lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions”.
Cellulosic RINs (biofuel and biodiesel) have highest RIN value, followed by biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuels and general renewable fuels, because of the specified annual RVOs by the EPA. Annual RVOs force the obligated parties to acquire specific percentage of RINs from categories of fuel that contribute to significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are advanced fuels and cellulosic fuels.
Cellulosic RINs (biofuel and biodiesel) have highest RIN value, followed by biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuels and general renewable fuels, because of the specified annual RVOs by the EPA. Annual RVOs force the obligated parties to acquire specific percentage of RINs from categories of fuel that contribute to significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are advanced fuels and cellulosic fuels.
All these years, EPA mandates gave higher cellulosic fuel volume requirements than the volume generated which resulted in the formulation of a
Cellulosic Weaver Credit (CWC). The CWC can be used together with advanced fuel RIN to meet the cellulosic fuel obligations of the year (D5+CWC=D3).
The CWC price is reported each year by EPA and the value is either 25c or $3-P (P= 12-month Average of whole sale prices of gasoline), whichever is greater. CWCs should be
used within the same year generated, while excess RINs can be used in the subsequent year, but only for 20% of the annual requirements. The CWC value is important, as it
also acts as a cap for D5-D3 RINs prices. Cellulosic RINs and CWC are great incentives for cellulosic fuel producers, because they can be used to determine the price of
biofuel based on the market.
Under the new rule of RFS, biofuels generated from mixed feedstock with 75% or greater adjusted cellulosic content are allowed to claim 100% cellulosic
RINs. The fuel derived from feedstocks with less than 75% adjusted cellulosic content will receive RINs only in proportion to the adjusted cellulosic content of the biomass.
The EPA also approved additional biofuels pathways under the cellulosic biofuels (D3 or D7) category. These pathways include compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) produced from landfills, municipal solid waste, agriculture waste, and municipal waste water treatment facilities. For the biofuel produced from feedstock that is not approved under D3 or D7 codes, of low cellulosic content (annual cover crops), or mixed feedstock (mix of D3 and D7 approved feedstock with unapproved feedstocks), cellulosic RINs will be allotted for only adjusted cellulosic portion of the feedstock which requires accurate analysis of the chemical composition of the feedstock.
Adjusted cellulosic content is the total percentage of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin on ash-free dry weight basis. Feedstock should be carefully fractionated for lignocellulose components, starch, free sugars, and extractives and the percentage of each fraction should be accurately determined. Only approved biomass analysis methods indicated by the EPA should be followed to analyse feedstocks for their composition. This requires expertise in chemical analysis and knowledge on various types of feedstock, as each feedstock is different in its structural matrix and fine-tuning of extraction and digestion and analysis methods is required for accurate results.
The EPA also approved additional biofuels pathways under the cellulosic biofuels (D3 or D7) category. These pathways include compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) produced from landfills, municipal solid waste, agriculture waste, and municipal waste water treatment facilities. For the biofuel produced from feedstock that is not approved under D3 or D7 codes, of low cellulosic content (annual cover crops), or mixed feedstock (mix of D3 and D7 approved feedstock with unapproved feedstocks), cellulosic RINs will be allotted for only adjusted cellulosic portion of the feedstock which requires accurate analysis of the chemical composition of the feedstock.
Adjusted cellulosic content is the total percentage of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin on ash-free dry weight basis. Feedstock should be carefully fractionated for lignocellulose components, starch, free sugars, and extractives and the percentage of each fraction should be accurately determined. Only approved biomass analysis methods indicated by the EPA should be followed to analyse feedstocks for their composition. This requires expertise in chemical analysis and knowledge on various types of feedstock, as each feedstock is different in its structural matrix and fine-tuning of extraction and digestion and analysis methods is required for accurate results.
Celignis Biomass analysis laboratory has high expertise in chemical analysis for a wide variety of feedstocks. We can help industry partners/clients to
determine cellulosic RINs for EPA unapproved cellulosic feedstock or mixed feedstock (combination of approved and unapproved) for liquid biofuels (e.g. bioethanol,
biobutanol, biodiesel, etc.) and biogas.
Feedstock Composition Adjusted-Cellulosic Content
We can determine the adjusted cellulosic content for any given feedstock using approved methods according to EPA guidelines.
This method involves separation of lignocellulosic components from other structural sugars, free sugars and extractives.
We report percentage of each of these components individually, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Our online Database and Excel and pdf reports also sum these structural sugars (i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose) along with the lignin content and express the result (the adjusted cellulosic content) on a dry-ash-free basis so that you can see if the sample meets the 75% threshold or if partial allocation of D3 RINs, based on the proportion of total mass that is cellulosic, is required.
Our online Database and Excel and pdf reports also sum these structural sugars (i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose) along with the lignin content and express the result (the adjusted cellulosic content) on a dry-ash-free basis so that you can see if the sample meets the 75% threshold or if partial allocation of D3 RINs, based on the proportion of total mass that is cellulosic, is required.
Achievable Cellulosic RINs
For certain pathways and fuel types where theoretical conversion values are known (e.g. bioethanol), theoretical
total RINs and maximum achievable cellulosic RINs will be determined and reported in addition to feedstock composition and adjusted cellulose content.
Biogas - Feedstock Composition and BMP
In case of CNG and LNG via anaerobic digestion of agricultural and municipal waste streams, we can determine the percentage cellulosic RINs and
maximum achievable RINs for biogas production from D3 and D7 unapproved feedstocks (i.e. RFS EMTS (EPA Moderated Transaction System) reporting codes
335 and 336) by doing biomass composition analysis and biomethane potential (BMP) tests.
See our pitches for the 2024 topics.
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Analysis Packages
P8 : Lignin Content
Lignin (Klason), Lignin (Acid Soluble), Acid Insoluble Residue, Ash (Acid Insoluble),
Lignin (Klason), Lignin (Acid Soluble), Acid Insoluble Residue, Ash (Acid Insoluble),
P19 : Deluxe Lignocellulose Package
As P10 plus protein-corrected lignin, water-soluble sugars, uronic acids, acetyl content and starch.
As P10 plus protein-corrected lignin, water-soluble sugars, uronic acids, acetyl content and starch.
P15 : Uronic Acids
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
P121 : Evaluation of Biomass for Enzymatic Digestibility
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Xylose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Arabinose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Mannose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Galactose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Rhamnose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Cellobiose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Enzymatic Hydrolysis Kinetics, Cellulose Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Yield, Combined Sugar Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate, Xylan Conversion Rate,
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Xylose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Arabinose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Mannose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Galactose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Rhamnose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Cellobiose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Enzymatic Hydrolysis Kinetics, Cellulose Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Yield, Combined Sugar Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate, Xylan Conversion Rate,
P122 : Evaluation of Pre-Treatment on Enzymatic Digestibility
As P121 plus comparisons with data from the non-pretreated original sample, including: Increase in Cellulose Accessibility after Pre-Treatment, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Efficiency, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Rate.
As P121 plus comparisons with data from the non-pretreated original sample, including: Increase in Cellulose Accessibility after Pre-Treatment, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Efficiency, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Rate.
P123 : Composition of Residue from Enzymatic Hydrolysis
As P9 but on the solid residue after enzymatic hydrolysis.
As P9 but on the solid residue after enzymatic hydrolysis.
P124 : Fermentation Inhibitors in Enzymatic Hydrolysate
Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, Levulinic Acid, Furfural, Hydroxymethylfurfural,
Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, Levulinic Acid, Furfural, Hydroxymethylfurfural,
P125 : Cellulase Saccharification Efficiency
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Cellulose Conversion Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Cellulose Conversion Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate
P126 : Xylanase Saccharification Efficiency
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Xylan Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Rate
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Xylan Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Rate
P127 : Amylase Saccharification Efficiency
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Maltose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, a-Amylase Hydrolysis Kinetics, Glucoamylase Hydrolysis Kinetics,
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Maltose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, a-Amylase Hydrolysis Kinetics, Glucoamylase Hydrolysis Kinetics,
P12 : Sugars in Solvent Extract
Glucose, Xylose, Fructose, Sucrose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Xylitol, Sorbitol, Trehalose, Mannitol, Arabinitol, Glycerol, Raffinose,
Glucose, Xylose, Fructose, Sucrose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Xylitol, Sorbitol, Trehalose, Mannitol, Arabinitol, Glycerol, Raffinose,
P22 : Organic Acids and Furans
Levulinic Acid, Formic Acid, Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furfural, Acetic Acid, gamma-Valerolactone,
Levulinic Acid, Formic Acid, Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furfural, Acetic Acid, gamma-Valerolactone,
P24 : Dimers and Trimers from Hemicellulose Hydrolysis
Xylobiose, Xylotriose, Arabinobiose, Arabinotriose,
Xylobiose, Xylotriose, Arabinobiose, Arabinotriose,
P29 : Oligomers from Starch Hydrolysis
Maltose, Maltotriose, Maltotetraose, Maltopentaose, Maltohexaose, Maltoheptaose, Maltooctaose,
Maltose, Maltotriose, Maltotetraose, Maltopentaose, Maltohexaose, Maltoheptaose, Maltooctaose,
P15 : Uronic Acids
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
P75 : Seaweed Phytohormones
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
P76 : Seaweed Vitamins (Fat-Soluble)
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
P77 : Seaweed Vitamins (Water-Soluble)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
P71 : Seaweed Carbohydrates
Fucose, Mannitol, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Total Sugars, Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
Fucose, Mannitol, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Total Sugars, Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
P72 : Seaweed Amino Acids
Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Asparagine, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine,
Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Asparagine, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine,
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P73 : Seaweed Lipids as Fatty Acids
Arachidic Acid, Behenic Acid, Decanoic Acid, Erucic Acid, Lauric Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Myristic Acid, Caprylic Acid, Oleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Palmitoleic Acid, Stearic Acid, Lignoceric Acid,
Arachidic Acid, Behenic Acid, Decanoic Acid, Erucic Acid, Lauric Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Myristic Acid, Caprylic Acid, Oleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Palmitoleic Acid, Stearic Acid, Lignoceric Acid,
P74 : Pigments in Seaweed
Fucoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Chlorophyll-c, Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
Fucoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Chlorophyll-c, Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
P75 : Seaweed Phytohormones
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
P76 : Seaweed Vitamins (Fat-Soluble)
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
P77 : Seaweed Vitamins (Water-Soluble)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
P150 : Plant Pigments
Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
P81 : Biomethane Potential - 14 Days
Biomethane Potential (BMP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
Biomethane Potential (BMP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
P93 : Feedstock Chemical and Biological Analysis
Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),
Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),
P95 : Residual Biogas Potential - 14 Days
Residual Biogas Potential (RBP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
Residual Biogas Potential (RBP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
P222 : Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Speciation
Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid, Propionic Acid, Butyric Acid, Isobutyric Acid, Valeric Acid, Isovaleric Acid,
Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid, Propionic Acid, Butyric Acid, Isobutyric Acid, Valeric Acid, Isovaleric Acid,
P61 : Sugars in Bio-Oil Water Extract
Levoglucosan, Cellobiosan, Mannosan, Galactosan, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Fucose, Sucrose, Cellobiose, Total Sugars,
Levoglucosan, Cellobiosan, Mannosan, Galactosan, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Fucose, Sucrose, Cellobiose, Total Sugars,
P63 : Semi-Volatile Oxygenated Components in Bio-Oil
31 constituents including Phenol, Furfural, Syringol, and Vanillin
31 constituents including Phenol, Furfural, Syringol, and Vanillin
P360 : Specific Surface Area (5-Point BET)
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (5 Point Using Nitrogen),
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (5 Point Using Nitrogen),
P364 : Pore-Size Distribution
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (20 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (20 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
P366 : Pore Size Distribution Deluxe
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (40 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (40 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
P34 : Calorific Value and Elements
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P37 : Minor Elements
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
P42 : Ash Melting Behaviour (Reducing Conditions)
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
P393 : Biochar Thermal Properties Deluxe
Moisture, Ash Content (815C), Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Chlorine, Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
Moisture, Ash Content (815C), Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Chlorine, Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
P394 : Biochar Thermal Properties Ultimate
As P393 plus inorganic carbon, organic carbon, TGA (under nitrogen and air), and inherent moisture
As P393 plus inorganic carbon, organic carbon, TGA (under nitrogen and air), and inherent moisture
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P37 : Minor Elements
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
P384 : Biochar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Anthracene, Benz[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[ghi]perylene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Chrysene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene,
Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Anthracene, Benz[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[ghi]perylene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Chrysene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene,
P388 : Biochar Plant Growth Trials
Time to Germination, Mean Shoot Length (Week 1), Mean Shoot Length (Week 2), Mean Shoot Length (Week 3), Mean Shoot Length (Week 4), Shoot Weight (Week 4), Mean Root Length (Week 4), Root Weight (Week 4),
Time to Germination, Mean Shoot Length (Week 1), Mean Shoot Length (Week 2), Mean Shoot Length (Week 3), Mean Shoot Length (Week 4), Shoot Weight (Week 4), Mean Root Length (Week 4), Root Weight (Week 4),
P397 : Biochar Soil Amendment Ultimate
As Deluxe package plus P383, SEM Imaging (P387) and Plant Growth Trials (P388)
As Deluxe package plus P383, SEM Imaging (P387) and Plant Growth Trials (P388)
P399 : Biochar Complete Evaluation Package
Includes everything from P391 (Physical Properties Ultimate), P394 (Thermal Properties Ultimate), and P397 (Soil Amendment Ultimate)
Includes everything from P391 (Physical Properties Ultimate), P394 (Thermal Properties Ultimate), and P397 (Soil Amendment Ultimate)
P34 : Calorific Value and Elements
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P37 : Minor Elements
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
P40 : Combustion Package
Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Moisture, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Chlorine,
Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Moisture, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Chlorine,
P41 : Ash Melting Behaviour (Oxidising Conditions)
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Deformation Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Flow Temperature (Oxidising),
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Deformation Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Flow Temperature (Oxidising),
News
Jan 24th 2024
€1.5m Funding Success in CBE-JU
Celignis is a Partner in 3 Successful Proposals for EU Funding
We are pleased to announce that three of the proposals involving Celignis, submitted to the CBE-JU programme for funding collaborative biomass research in Europe, were successful. These projects will provide an additional funding of €1.5m to Celignis and build on our achievements in other CBE and EU projects. In particular, the projects are all at enhanced TRLs (6/7) and will use our existing Celignis Bioprocess infrastructure and will also fund further development of our bioprocessing capacities and the Bioprocess Development Services we offer our clients.
Details on the funded projects are provided below:
BIONEER - This project was funded under CBE-JU topic IA-06 and focuses on the TRL 6/7 production of biobased platform chemicals. Celignis's activities in the project focus on scaling up the work undertaken in our ongoing
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Jan 23rd 2024
Celignis to Exhibit and Present at Major Biochar Event
The 2024 North American Biochar Conference will take place in Sacramento, California, on Feb 12-15
On Feb 12-15 we'll be exhibiting at the 2024 North American Biochar Conference, taking place at the SAFE Credit Union Convention Centre in Sacramento, California.
We're looking forward to interacting with the 1000+ expected attendees, outlining our extensive range of analytical and application testing services for biochar.
Celignis CIO Lalitha Gottumukkala will also be a member of the expert panel focused on developing improved laboratory methods for biochar characterisation.
Click here to register for the event.
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Jan 22nd 2024
Celignis Attending BIC Event on Feb 8
This Networking Event Will Involve Discussions on Collaborations for Proposals to the 2024 CBE-JU Topics
The Circular Bioeconomy Europe Joint Undertaking (CBE-JU) is an organisation that funds biomass research in Europe at various Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). Since 2016 Celignis has been an active participant in a number of projects funded by the CBE-JU.
The Biobased Industries Consortium (BIC) is the steering committee that helps to steer the focus of research for the CBE-JU programme. In 2023 Celignis joined the BIC as a Full Industry Member and participated in several proposals submitted for different research topics in the CBE-JU's 2023 Work Programme.
On Feb 8th Celignis's Dan Hayes, Lalitha Gottumukkala, and Oscar Bedzo will be attending a BIC networking event in Brussels where we will discuss potential collaborations in the research programme topics recently announced for 2024.
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Jan 19th 2024
We're Hiring - Business Administration & Client Relationship Manager
This position will involve working closely with senior management, fostering existing and new client relationships.
Situated in Limerick, Ireland, Celignis currently operates at two centres, Celignis Analytical and Celignis Bioprocess, actively engaging in a variety of private and public bioeconomy projects. As we continue to expand, we're looking to strengthen our team of 14 with a Business Administration and Client Relationship Manager who can bring a blend of enthusiasm and expertise.
This position will involve working closely with senior management, fostering existing and new client relationships, and ensuring successful delivery of our services, playing a key role in our ongoing growth and success.
Click here for more details about the position.
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Apr 30th 2023
Celignis to Sponsor and Present at Major Biochar Event
The event takes place on May 3rd at Carrick-on-Shannon
We are pleased to announce that, on May 3rd, Celignis will be presenting and exhibiting at the National Biochar and Carbon Products Conference 2023, which is taking place in Carrick-on-Shannon in County Leitrm, Ireland.
This conference is being organised under the auspices of the Interreg Northwest Europe-funded THREE C Project, entitled 'Creating and sustaining Charcoal value chains to promote a Circular Carbon economy in NWE Europe'.
The conference will highlight both Irish stakeholders who are currently working in the biochar and carbon products sector, but also partners from the THREE C project (covering Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium, France and Wales, as well as Ireland) who have interesting stories and products to share.
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