Biochar for Soil Amendment and Plant Growth Promotion
Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material produced by the pyrolysis of biomass. This involves heating the feedstock in the absence of oxygen,
which results in the formation of a high-carbon material that can potentially be used in a wide variety of applications, including: as a
soil amendment,
a component of biobased materials, and in pollution remediation.
Biochar can be made from a variety of feedstocks, including wood, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste.
Biochar can be made from a variety of feedstocks, including wood, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste.
Biochar was used thousands of years ago as a soil amendment in the Amazon Basin, where it is known as "terra preta" or "black earth."
However, it has only been the case in recent years that there has been a renewed interest in the use of biochar as a tool for sustainable agriculture
and climate change mitigation.
The use of biochar in soil amendment has several benefits. Firstly, it improves soil fertility by increasing the soil's capacity to retain water and nutrients. Biochar has a high surface area, which provides a habitat for microorganisms and increases the soil's ability to hold onto nutrients. Secondly, biochar can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in the soil. This is because biochar is stable and does not break down easily, which means that the carbon in biochar remains in the soil for a long time.
Biochar can also help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers, which are energy-intensive to produce and release large amounts of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas.
The use of biochar in soil amendment has several benefits. Firstly, it improves soil fertility by increasing the soil's capacity to retain water and nutrients. Biochar has a high surface area, which provides a habitat for microorganisms and increases the soil's ability to hold onto nutrients. Secondly, biochar can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in the soil. This is because biochar is stable and does not break down easily, which means that the carbon in biochar remains in the soil for a long time.
Biochar can also help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers, which are energy-intensive to produce and release large amounts of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas.
Biochar can also be used for plant growth promotion. Research has shown that biochar can improve plant growth and
yield by improving soil structure, increasing nutrient availability, and enhancing the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
Biochar can also help to reduce the uptake of heavy metals by plants, which can be a problem in contaminated soils.
The benefits of biochar for plant growth promotion are due to its effects on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Biochar improves soil physical properties by increasing soil porosity, which enhances water infiltration and aeration. This is particularly important in compacted soils, where water and air movement are restricted.
Biochar also improves soil structure by promoting the formation of stable aggregates, which helps to prevent soil erosion and increase the stability of soil organic matter.
Biochar also improves soil chemical properties by increasing soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). This means that biochar can help to neutralize acidic soils and increase the availability of essential nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Biochar can also adsorb pollutants and prevent their uptake by plants.
The benefits of biochar for plant growth promotion are due to its effects on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Biochar improves soil physical properties by increasing soil porosity, which enhances water infiltration and aeration. This is particularly important in compacted soils, where water and air movement are restricted.
Biochar also improves soil structure by promoting the formation of stable aggregates, which helps to prevent soil erosion and increase the stability of soil organic matter.
Biochar also improves soil chemical properties by increasing soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). This means that biochar can help to neutralize acidic soils and increase the availability of essential nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Biochar can also adsorb pollutants and prevent their uptake by plants.
Biochar improves soil biological properties by providing a habitat for beneficial microorganisms. It can act as a substrate for microbial growth and
can enhance the activity of soil bacteria and fungi. This can improve nutrient cycling and promote plant growth.
The use of biochar in agriculture is still in its early stages, and there is much to learn about its effectiveness in different soils and under different management practices. However, there is growing interest in the use of biochar as a sustainable tool for improving soil fertility, mitigating climate change, and promoting plant growth. Researchers are exploring new ways to produce biochar and optimize its properties for specific soil types and crops.
The use of biochar in agriculture is still in its early stages, and there is much to learn about its effectiveness in different soils and under different management practices. However, there is growing interest in the use of biochar as a sustainable tool for improving soil fertility, mitigating climate change, and promoting plant growth. Researchers are exploring new ways to produce biochar and optimize its properties for specific soil types and crops.
Analyses at Celignis to Evaluate Biochar for Soil Amendment
There are a wide variety of variables that will influence the quality and suitability of biochar to be used in soil amendment. These include:
- The type of feedstock used to produce the biochar.
- The pyrolysis conditions employed for biochar production.
- The resulting physical and chemical properties of the char.
- Type of soil to which the biochar will be amended.
- The plant(s) to be grown on this amended soil.
Major and Minor Elements in Biochar
Many of the major elements can be beneficial for plant growth, for example potassium plays a vital role in photosynthesis whilst phosphorus is involved in energy transfer processes and the formation of nucleic acids. Furthermore, the presence of certain elements, such as calcium and magnesium, can affect the soil pH, influencing the availability of nutrients and the activity of soil microorganisms. As a result, elemental analysis can help to predict the impact of biochar on soil pH and inform decisions on its application in specific soil types.It is also important to consider that some heavy metals can pose potential risks to plants, soil organisms, and human health. As a result, biochar with high heavy metal concentrations may not be suitable for soil amendment, as it can lead to the accumulation of toxic elements in the soil, plants, and the food chain.
The European Biochar Certificate organisation (EBC), sets an upper threshold concentration for certain heavy metals in biochar, with these limits vaying according to the planned market application. (e.g. lead can not exceed 45ppm when biochar is used in the Agro-Organic sector, rising to 120 ppm the biochar is to be used in consumer materials). At Celignis we check as to whether the values for each heavy metal are above or below the threshold values for each of the EBC application sectors and provide the results in a PASS/FAIL table for each feedstock according to the specific sector and test.
Request a QuoteElements
The electrical conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct electric current.
Biochar's electrical conductivity is due to the presence of carbon, which is an excellent conductor of electricity.
The pyrolysis process, which produces biochar, also results in the formation of various carbonaceous structures, such as graphite-like layers,
which further contribute to its electrical conductivity.
The electrical conductivity of biochar depends on several factors, including its feedstock, production temperature, and post-treatment processes. Feedstock type and composition can affect the final properties of biochar, with wood-derived biochars generally having higher electrical conductivities than those derived from agricultural residues. The pyrolysis temperature also influences the electrical conductivity, with higher temperatures (above 500 oC) leading to the formation of more conductive structures.
The electrical conductivity of biochar allows it to effectively retain and exchange nutrients in the soil, particularly cations like potassium, calcium, and magnesium. This property is crucial for soil fertility, as it helps plants absorb essential nutrients more efficiently. The electrical conductivity of biochar can enhance soil microbial activity by facilitating the transfer of electrons between microbes and their environment. This electron transfer is essential for various microbial processes, such as nutrient cycling, and can lead to an overall increase in soil fertility. The conductive properties of biochar can help mitigate the spread of soil-borne pathogens by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms. This, in turn, can lead to healthier plant growth and reduced disease incidence.
Request a QuoteElectrical Conductivity
The electrical conductivity of biochar depends on several factors, including its feedstock, production temperature, and post-treatment processes. Feedstock type and composition can affect the final properties of biochar, with wood-derived biochars generally having higher electrical conductivities than those derived from agricultural residues. The pyrolysis temperature also influences the electrical conductivity, with higher temperatures (above 500 oC) leading to the formation of more conductive structures.
The electrical conductivity of biochar allows it to effectively retain and exchange nutrients in the soil, particularly cations like potassium, calcium, and magnesium. This property is crucial for soil fertility, as it helps plants absorb essential nutrients more efficiently. The electrical conductivity of biochar can enhance soil microbial activity by facilitating the transfer of electrons between microbes and their environment. This electron transfer is essential for various microbial processes, such as nutrient cycling, and can lead to an overall increase in soil fertility. The conductive properties of biochar can help mitigate the spread of soil-borne pathogens by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms. This, in turn, can lead to healthier plant growth and reduced disease incidence.
Request a QuoteElectrical Conductivity
The water holding capacity of a material refers to its ability to absorb and retain water.
Biochar's water holding capacity is attributed to its porous structure, which provides a large
surface area for water absorption. Additionally, biochar's hydrophilic functional groups,
such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, further contributing to its water holding capacity.
The water holding capacity of biochar is influenced by several factors, including its feedstock, and the conditions used for pyrolysis. Additionally, post-treatment processes, such as oxidation and activation, can modify the surface chemistry and porosity of biochar, potentially affecting its water holding capacity. For example, oxidizing biochar can introduce hydrophilic functional groups, increasing its affinity for water.
Biochar with good water holding capacity can offer several benefits when used in soil amdendment, including:
The water holding capacity of biochar is influenced by several factors, including its feedstock, and the conditions used for pyrolysis. Additionally, post-treatment processes, such as oxidation and activation, can modify the surface chemistry and porosity of biochar, potentially affecting its water holding capacity. For example, oxidizing biochar can introduce hydrophilic functional groups, increasing its affinity for water.
Biochar with good water holding capacity can offer several benefits when used in soil amdendment, including:
- Improved Soil Water Retention: This can help plants better tolerate water stress and reduce the need for irrigation, conserving water resources.
- Enhanced Plant Growth and Yield: Resulting from a more consistent water supply to plants, especially during periods of low rainfall.
- Mitigation of Soil Salinization: By diluting salt concentrations in the soil and promoting the leaching of excess salts.
- Support for Soil Microorganisms: By maintaining adequate moisture levels, which in turn can promote nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of a material's ability to attract and hold positively charged ions (cations)
such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The cation exchange capacity of biochar is attributed to the presence of negatively charged functional groups,
such as carboxyl and phenolic groups, which can form electrostatic bonds with cations in the soil. These functional groups can either be present in the
biomass feedstock or formed during the pyrolysis process.
Biochars derived from plant materials with higher lignin content, such as wood, tend to have a higher CEC than those produced from agricultural residues. Lower pyrolysis temperatures (below 500 oC) typically result in biochars with a higher CEC, as higher temperatures can lead to the degradation of negatively charged functional groups responsible for cation exchange.
Biochar with a good CEC can offer several benefits when used in soil amdendment, including:
Biochars derived from plant materials with higher lignin content, such as wood, tend to have a higher CEC than those produced from agricultural residues. Lower pyrolysis temperatures (below 500 oC) typically result in biochars with a higher CEC, as higher temperatures can lead to the degradation of negatively charged functional groups responsible for cation exchange.
Biochar with a good CEC can offer several benefits when used in soil amdendment, including:
- Enhanced Nutrient Use Efficiency: By retaining and exchanging cations in the soil, allowing plants to absorb essential nutrients more effectively.
- Amelioration of Soil Acidity: Through the biochar buffering soil acidity and promoting the availability of essential nutrients, particularly in acidic soils.
- Mitigation of Soil Salinization: By diluting salt concentrations in the soil and promoting the leaching of excess salts.
- Mitigation of Heavy Metal Contamination: High CEC biochar can contribute to the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils, reducing their bioavailability and potential toxicity to plants.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are a class of organic compounds comprising multiple aromatic rings. They can be formed during the pyrolysis of biomass and accumulate in biochar with their concentrations and types dependent on several factors, including the type of feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, residence time, and post-treatment processes.The presence of PAHs in biochar is an important concern when using it as a soil amendment, as these compounds can pose potential risks to the environment, including:
- Toxicity to Plants and Soil Microorganisms.
- Bioaccumulation and Transfer to the Food Chain: The consumption of crops grown in biochar-amended soils with high PAH concentrations can lead to the ingestion of these harmful compounds.
- Environmental Persistence: PAHs are known to be persistent in the environment and can accumulate in soil over time, leading to long-term ecological risks.
Click here to read our dedicated webpage covering our analyses of PAHs in biochar.
Request a QuotePAH
The surface area and porosity of biochar are critical properties that influence its effectiveness as a soil amendment for several reasons:
Request a QuoteSurface Area
- Water Holding Capacity: A biochar with a high surface area and porosity can more water, improving the soil's water holding capacity.
- Nutrient Retention and Release: Biochars with high surface areas and porosity can provide more active sites for nutrient adsorption, improving soil fertility and plant nutrient uptake.
- Cation Exchange Capacity: CEC increases with surface area.
- Microbial Habitat: A biochar with high surface area and porosity can promote the establishment of diverse microbial communities, which can enhance nutrient cycling and improve soil health.
- Pollutant Adsorption: Biochars with high surface areas and porosity can adsorb and immobilize pollutants, such as heavy metals and organic contaminants, reducing their bioavailability and potential toxicity to plants and soil organisms.
Request a QuoteSurface Area
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Scanning electron microscopy is a widely used technique for characterizing the morphology, structure, and composition of materials at the micro- and nanometer scales. In the case of biochar, SEM analysis can provide valuable insights into its surface properties, porosity, and elemental composition, which are crucial factors that influence its performance as a soil amendment.SEM analysis is a very useful companion analysis to the surface area and porosity analysis of biochar as it helps to visualize the size, shape, and distribution of pores in biochar.
SEM analysis can provide valuable information on the effects of various production parameters, such as feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and post-treatment processes, on the properties of biochar. This can help optimize the production process to create biochars with desired characteristics for specific soil amendment applications.
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Liming tests are used to determine the ability of biochar to neutralize soil acidity, a key property that can influence its performance as a soil amendment.
There are a number of reasons why it is important to undertake liming tests of biochar:
- Soil pH Modification: The ability of biochar to modify soil pH can influence nutrient availability, as certain nutrients are more readily available at specific pH levels.
- Enhancement of Soil Microbial Activity: Soil pH can also affect the activity of soil microorganisms, which play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and decomposition of organic matter.
- Alleviation of Aluminum Toxicity: In acidic soils, high levels of soluble aluminum can be toxic to plants and inhibit root growth. By neutralizing soil acidity, biochar can reduce aluminum solubility and alleviate its toxic effects on plants.
Tests at Celignis to Assess the Effects of Biochar on Plant Growth
We can undertake experiments to see the effect of adding biochar to soil on the germination and growth of plants. Within these experiments we can consider various
variables and their effect on growth including:
We can collect various data associated with these trials, ranging from crop yields to detailed analyses of the physical and chemical properties of the plant and soil, as detailed below.
- Type of biochar used (e.g. compare between biochars from different feedstocks or between biochars produced from the same feedstock but using different pyrolysis conditions or different upgrading approaches).
- Biochar loading rate (i.e. ratio of soil to biochar).
- Soil used.
- Plant type (examples of plants we have used include potato, tomato, corn, and lettuce).
We can collect various data associated with these trials, ranging from crop yields to detailed analyses of the physical and chemical properties of the plant and soil, as detailed below.
Germination and Plant Growth
In our standard Biochar Plant Growth Trials package (P388) we collect the following data:- Time to germination.
- Mean shoot length (at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4).
- Shoot weight at week 4.
- Root weight and mean root length at week 4.
Plant Health Analysis
Relevant analyses that we can undertake to see the effect of biochar supplementation on plant health include: pigments (highly dependent on the nutrient uptake efficiency of the plant), leaf lamella size, and nutrient uptake. We can also perform stomata count, if the leaf type allows such analysis (which can be correlated to water stress resistance)These results can then be correlated with the physical and chemical characteristics of biochar and plant growth results.
Soil Biology Analysis
Soil biology analysis can include: soil respiration test, bacterial count, fungal count (fungi to bacteria ratio), and soil enzymes (C-degrading, N mineralisation and P solubilisation enzymes).These results can then be correlated with the physical and chemical characteristics of biochar and plant growth results.
This is a separate test that we can undertake to evaluate the potential phytotoxicity of biochar when applied as a soil amendment. We use seeds of a fast-growing and sensitive crop (e.g. lettuce or radish), and expose them to different concentrations of biochar or biochar-amended soil under controlled laboratory conditions. The seeds are typically placed in Petri dishes containing a moistened filter paper or a mixture of the tested biochar and a growth medium, such as sand or soil. The dishes are then incubated in a growth chamber or greenhouse with controlled temperature and light conditions.
After a predetermined period (usually 3-7 days), the germination rate and the growth of the seedlings (e.g., root and shoot length) are assessed. The results are compared to a control group of seeds exposed to the unamended growth medium or a non-toxic reference material.
If the germination inhibition test indicates that biochar has a negative impact on seed germination or seedling growth, we can potentially undertake further investigations to determine the cause of the phytotoxicity and identify possible mitigation strategies.
Additional Information on Evaluating Biochar for Soil Amendment Applications and Undertaking Plant Growth Trials
Feel free to get in touch with us if you have any questions about
our analytical services for assessing the potential for using biochar in soil amendment or for plant growth promotion.
We can also provide assistance if you need to screen biochar for potential phytotoxicity issues or to understand how variations in feedstock
and/or pyrolysis conditions may affect the value of biochar for soil amendment. Relevant members of the
Celignis biochar team
will be happy to assist. Those team members with the most experience with undertaking these tests and interpreting the resulting data are listed below.
Sajna KV
Bioanalysis Developer
PhD
Our Biomass Detective! Designs, tests, optimizes and validates robust analytical methods for properties of relevance to the various biochar market applications.
Lalitha Gottumukkala
Chief Innovation Officer
PhD
A serial innovator managing multiple projects. Has particular expertise related to the upgrading of biochar and on the assessment of its impact on plant productivity and soil health.
Edgar Ramirez Huerta
Biochar Project Developer
MSc
Has taken a major role in developing Celignis's capabilities for biochar analysis and project development. His thesis covered the evaluation of high value applications for high-carbon materials.
Global Recognition as Biomass and Biochar Experts
Celignis provides valued services to over 1000 clients. We understand how the focus of biochar projects
can differ between countries and have advised a global network of clients. We also have customs-exemptions for samples sent
to us allowing us to quickly get to work no matter where our clients are based.
Feedstock Evaluation
Our analysis packages can screen biochar feedstocks. We can estimate biochar yield and quality
using feedstock chemical composition and can estimate biochar composition using the ultimate and major/minor elements analyses of the feedstock.
With TGA analysis we can also monitor feedstock behaviour under pyrolysis conditions.
Biochar Production
We can produce biochar samples from your feedstocks using a wide range of
temperatures, heating rates, and residence times. We can formulate a Design of Experiments (DoE) to study the effects of varying process parameters on
biochar yield and quality and can optimise these outputs according to your desired biochar market applications.
Biochar Analysis
We have an extensive array of analysis packages to evaluate the suitability of biochar for a range of applications. These analyses cover
properties relevant to combustion, soil amendment, feed, and biomaterials. Our reports compare the results against internationally-recognised limits for using the biochar in specific end-products.
Biochar Combustion Properties
Biochar can be a superior fuel versus virgin biomass due to its greater carbon content and energy density.
We offer a wide array of analysis packages to fully evaluate biochar as a fuel. For example, we can determine both organic and inorganic carbon and can
monitor the behaviour of the biochar ash over wide temperature ranges.
Analysis of PAHs in Biochar
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be formed during the pyrolysis of biomass and accumulate in biochar,
leading to potential risks to the environment. We can accurately quantify a range of different PAHs and determine if their concentrations
exceed regulatory limits. We can also develop strategies to reduce the amount of PAHs in biochar.
Surface Area and Porosity of Biochar
The suitable markets for a biochar are often greatly dependent on its surface area and pore size-distrubtion.
We provide detailed reports on biochar surface area and porosity and can provide guidance on the implications of the results. We can also work on
strategies to increase the surface area and modify the pore-size distribution of biochar.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biochar
TGA is a powerful analytical technique for the study of biochars because it allows us to
examine the thermal stability of the material as a function of temperature. The thermal stability of biochars is an important factor to
consider when evaluating their potential use as a soil amendment or for carbon sequestration.
Biochar Upgrading
There are several different methods (covering physical, chemical and biologial routes) by which we can upgrade your
biochar in order to increase its value and make it more suitable for the desired market applications. We are able to fully characterise the changes
in physicochemical properties associated with upgrading.
Biochar for Carbon Sequestration
Biochar's efficacy as a means for sequestering carbon depends on a range of factors (e.g. feedstock
and pyrolysis conditions). We can undertake a range of analytical tests to help you determine the stability of your biochar's carbon. We can also
suggest alternative approaches to improve carbon sequestration potential.
Technoeconomic Analyses of Biochar Projects
Our TEA experts work with you to evaluate the economic prospects of your biochar facility,
considering various scale, technology, and feedstock options. We apply accurate costing models to determine CAPEX/OPEX of simulated and pilot
scale processes which are then used to determine key economic indicators (e.g. IRR, NPV).
Research Project Collaborations
Celignis is active in a number of important research projects focused on biomass valorisation. Biochar
is a key component in some of these ongoing projects as well as in several prior projects. We are open to participating in future collaborative
research projects where our extensive infrastructure and expertise in biochar can be leveraged.
See our pitches for the 2024 topics.
Special Offer
Mar 30th 2024
CBE-JU 2024 Call Opens - See our Pitches for Proposals
Click here to view our pitches for involvement in proposals for the 2024 research topics of the Circular Bioeconomy Europe Joint Undertaking (CBE-JU).
Analysis Packages
P8 : Lignin Content
Lignin (Klason), Lignin (Acid Soluble), Acid Insoluble Residue, Ash (Acid Insoluble),
Lignin (Klason), Lignin (Acid Soluble), Acid Insoluble Residue, Ash (Acid Insoluble),
P19 : Deluxe Lignocellulose Package
As P10 plus protein-corrected lignin, water-soluble sugars, uronic acids, acetyl content and starch.
As P10 plus protein-corrected lignin, water-soluble sugars, uronic acids, acetyl content and starch.
P15 : Uronic Acids
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
P121 : Evaluation of Biomass for Enzymatic Digestibility
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Xylose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Arabinose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Mannose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Galactose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Rhamnose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Cellobiose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Enzymatic Hydrolysis Kinetics, Cellulose Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Yield, Combined Sugar Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate, Xylan Conversion Rate,
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Xylose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Arabinose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Mannose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Galactose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Rhamnose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Cellobiose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Enzymatic Hydrolysis Kinetics, Cellulose Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Yield, Combined Sugar Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate, Xylan Conversion Rate,
P122 : Evaluation of Pre-Treatment on Enzymatic Digestibility
As P121 plus comparisons with data from the non-pretreated original sample, including: Increase in Cellulose Accessibility after Pre-Treatment, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Efficiency, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Rate.
As P121 plus comparisons with data from the non-pretreated original sample, including: Increase in Cellulose Accessibility after Pre-Treatment, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Efficiency, Percent Increase in Cellulose Conversion Rate.
P123 : Composition of Residue from Enzymatic Hydrolysis
As P9 but on the solid residue after enzymatic hydrolysis.
As P9 but on the solid residue after enzymatic hydrolysis.
P124 : Fermentation Inhibitors in Enzymatic Hydrolysate
Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, Levulinic Acid, Furfural, Hydroxymethylfurfural,
Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, Levulinic Acid, Furfural, Hydroxymethylfurfural,
P125 : Cellulase Saccharification Efficiency
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Cellulose Conversion Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Cellulose Conversion Yield, Cellulose Conversion Rate
P126 : Xylanase Saccharification Efficiency
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Xylan Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Rate
Includes all hydrolysate sugars and kinetics in P121 and: Xylan Conversion Yield, Xylan Conversion Rate
P127 : Amylase Saccharification Efficiency
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Maltose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, a-Amylase Hydrolysis Kinetics, Glucoamylase Hydrolysis Kinetics,
Total Sugars in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Glucose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, Maltose in Enzyme Hydrolysate, a-Amylase Hydrolysis Kinetics, Glucoamylase Hydrolysis Kinetics,
P12 : Sugars in Solvent Extract
Glucose, Xylose, Fructose, Sucrose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Xylitol, Sorbitol, Trehalose, Mannitol, Arabinitol, Glycerol, Raffinose,
Glucose, Xylose, Fructose, Sucrose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Xylitol, Sorbitol, Trehalose, Mannitol, Arabinitol, Glycerol, Raffinose,
P22 : Organic Acids and Furans
Levulinic Acid, Formic Acid, Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furfural, Acetic Acid, gamma-Valerolactone,
Levulinic Acid, Formic Acid, Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furfural, Acetic Acid, gamma-Valerolactone,
P24 : Dimers and Trimers from Hemicellulose Hydrolysis
Xylobiose, Xylotriose, Arabinobiose, Arabinotriose,
Xylobiose, Xylotriose, Arabinobiose, Arabinotriose,
P29 : Oligomers from Starch Hydrolysis
Maltose, Maltotriose, Maltotetraose, Maltopentaose, Maltohexaose, Maltoheptaose, Maltooctaose,
Maltose, Maltotriose, Maltotetraose, Maltopentaose, Maltohexaose, Maltoheptaose, Maltooctaose,
P15 : Uronic Acids
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, 4-O-Methyl-D-Glucuronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
P75 : Seaweed Phytohormones
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
P76 : Seaweed Vitamins (Fat-Soluble)
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
P77 : Seaweed Vitamins (Water-Soluble)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
P71 : Seaweed Carbohydrates
Fucose, Mannitol, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Total Sugars, Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
Fucose, Mannitol, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Total Sugars, Glucuronic Acid, Galacturonic Acid, Mannuronic Acid, Guluronic Acid, Iduronic Acid,
P72 : Seaweed Amino Acids
Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine,
Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine,
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P73 : Seaweed Lipids as Fatty Acids
Arachidic Acid, Behenic Acid, Decanoic Acid, Erucic Acid, Lauric Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Myristic Acid, Caprylic Acid, Oleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Palmitoleic Acid, Stearic Acid, Lignoceric Acid,
Arachidic Acid, Behenic Acid, Decanoic Acid, Erucic Acid, Lauric Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Myristic Acid, Caprylic Acid, Oleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Palmitoleic Acid, Stearic Acid, Lignoceric Acid,
P74 : Pigments in Seaweed
Fucoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Chlorophyll-c, Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
Fucoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Chlorophyll-c, Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
P75 : Seaweed Phytohormones
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
Gibberellic Acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-2-acetic acid, Indole-3-propionic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin riboside, Abscisic acid, Salicylic acid,
P76 : Seaweed Vitamins (Fat-Soluble)
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
beta-Carotene, Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2), Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1),
P77 : Seaweed Vitamins (Water-Soluble)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Niacinamide (vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Folate (Vitamin B9), Cobalamin (Vitamin B12), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C),
P150 : Plant Pigments
Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Lutein, beta-Carotene, Neoxanthin, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Antheraxanthin, Violaxanthin,
P81 : Biomethane Potential - 14 Days
Biomethane Potential (BMP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
Biomethane Potential (BMP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
P93 : Feedstock Chemical and Biological Analysis
Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Phosphorus, Potassium, Ammonia, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur,
Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Phosphorus, Potassium, Ammonia, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur,
P95 : Residual Biogas Potential - 14 Days
Residual Biogas Potential (RBP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
Residual Biogas Potential (RBP), Total Biogas Volume, Total Solids, Volatile Solids, pH, Biogas Methane Content, Biogas Carbon Dioxide Content, Biogas Oxygen Content, Biogas Hydrogen Sulphide Content, Biogas Ammonia Content,
P222 : Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Speciation
Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid, Propionic Acid, Butyric Acid, Isobutyric Acid, Valeric Acid, Isovaleric Acid,
Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid, Propionic Acid, Butyric Acid, Isobutyric Acid, Valeric Acid, Isovaleric Acid,
P61 : Sugars in Bio-Oil Water Extract
Levoglucosan, Cellobiosan, Mannosan, Galactosan, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Fucose, Sucrose, Cellobiose, Total Sugars,
Levoglucosan, Cellobiosan, Mannosan, Galactosan, Glucose, Xylose, Mannose, Arabinose, Galactose, Rhamnose, Fucose, Sucrose, Cellobiose, Total Sugars,
P63 : Semi-Volatile Oxygenated Components in Bio-Oil
31 constituents including Phenol, Furfural, Syringol, and Vanillin
31 constituents including Phenol, Furfural, Syringol, and Vanillin
P360 : Specific Surface Area (5-Point BET)
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (5 Point Using Nitrogen),
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (5 Point Using Nitrogen),
P364 : Pore-Size Distribution
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (20 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (20 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
P366 : Pore Size Distribution Deluxe
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (40 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
Specific Surface Area (Nitrogen Gas Adsorption), BET Isotherm (40 Point Using Nitrogen), Pore Volume (Using Nitrogen), Pore Size Distribution (Using Nitrogen), Average Pore Width (Using Nitrogen),
P34 : Calorific Value and Elements
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P37 : Minor Elements
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
P42 : Ash Melting Behaviour (Reducing Conditions)
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
P393 : Biochar Thermal Properties Deluxe
Moisture, Ash Content (815C), Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Chlorine, Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
Moisture, Ash Content (815C), Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Chlorine, Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Reducing), Ash Deformation Temperature (Reducing), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Reducing), Ash Flow Temperature (Reducing),
P394 : Biochar Thermal Properties Ultimate
As P393 plus inorganic carbon, organic carbon, TGA (under nitrogen and air), and inherent moisture
As P393 plus inorganic carbon, organic carbon, TGA (under nitrogen and air), and inherent moisture
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P37 : Minor Elements
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
P384 : Biochar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Anthracene, Benz[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[ghi]perylene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Chrysene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene,
Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Anthracene, Benz[a]anthracene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[ghi]perylene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Chrysene, Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene,
P388 : Biochar Plant Growth Trials
Time to Germination, Mean Shoot Length (Week 1), Mean Shoot Length (Week 2), Mean Shoot Length (Week 3), Mean Shoot Length (Week 4), Shoot Weight (Week 4), Mean Root Length (Week 4), Root Weight (Week 4),
Time to Germination, Mean Shoot Length (Week 1), Mean Shoot Length (Week 2), Mean Shoot Length (Week 3), Mean Shoot Length (Week 4), Shoot Weight (Week 4), Mean Root Length (Week 4), Root Weight (Week 4),
P397 : Biochar Soil Amendment Ultimate
As Deluxe package plus P383, SEM Imaging (P387) and Plant Growth Trials (P388)
As Deluxe package plus P383, SEM Imaging (P387) and Plant Growth Trials (P388)
P399 : Biochar Complete Evaluation Package
Includes everything from P391 (Physical Properties Ultimate), P394 (Thermal Properties Ultimate), and P397 (Soil Amendment Ultimate)
Includes everything from P391 (Physical Properties Ultimate), P394 (Thermal Properties Ultimate), and P397 (Soil Amendment Ultimate)
P34 : Calorific Value and Elements
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen,
P36 : Major Elements
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Sodium, Titanium,
P37 : Minor Elements
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc,
P40 : Combustion Package
Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Moisture, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Chlorine,
Volatile Matter, Fixed Carbon, Moisture, Ash, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxygen, Gross Calorific Value, Net Calorific Value, Chlorine,
P41 : Ash Melting Behaviour (Oxidising Conditions)
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Deformation Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Flow Temperature (Oxidising),
Ash Shrinkage Starting Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Deformation Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Hemisphere Temperature (Oxidising), Ash Flow Temperature (Oxidising),
News
Jan 24th 2024
€1.5m Funding Success in CBE-JU
Celignis is a Partner in 3 Successful Proposals for EU Funding
We are pleased to announce that three of the proposals involving Celignis, submitted to the CBE-JU programme for funding collaborative biomass research in Europe, were successful. These projects will provide an additional funding of €1.5m to Celignis and build on our achievements in other CBE and EU projects. In particular, the projects are all at enhanced TRLs (6/7) and will use our existing Celignis Bioprocess infrastructure and will also fund further development of our bioprocessing capacities and the Bioprocess Development Services we offer our clients.
Details on the funded projects are provided below:
BIONEER - This project was funded under CBE-JU topic IA-06 and focuses on the TRL 6/7 production of biobased platform chemicals. Celignis's activities in the project focus on scaling up the work undertaken in our ongoing
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Jan 23rd 2024
Celignis to Exhibit and Present at Major Biochar Event
The 2024 North American Biochar Conference will take place in Sacramento, California, on Feb 12-15
On Feb 12-15 we'll be exhibiting at the 2024 North American Biochar Conference, taking place at the SAFE Credit Union Convention Centre in Sacramento, California.
We're looking forward to interacting with the 1000+ expected attendees, outlining our extensive range of analytical and application testing services for biochar.
Celignis CIO Lalitha Gottumukkala will also be a member of the expert panel focused on developing improved laboratory methods for biochar characterisation.
Click here to register for the event.
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Jan 22nd 2024
Celignis Attending BIC Event on Feb 8
This Networking Event Will Involve Discussions on Collaborations for Proposals to the 2024 CBE-JU Topics
The Circular Bioeconomy Europe Joint Undertaking (CBE-JU) is an organisation that funds biomass research in Europe at various Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). Since 2016 Celignis has been an active participant in a number of projects funded by the CBE-JU.
The Biobased Industries Consortium (BIC) is the steering committee that helps to steer the focus of research for the CBE-JU programme. In 2023 Celignis joined the BIC as a Full Industry Member and participated in several proposals submitted for different research topics in the CBE-JU's 2023 Work Programme.
On Feb 8th Celignis's Dan Hayes, Lalitha Gottumukkala, and Oscar Bedzo will be attending a BIC networking event in Brussels where we will discuss potential collaborations in the research programme topics recently announced for 2024.
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Jan 19th 2024
We're Hiring - Business Administration & Client Relationship Manager
This position will involve working closely with senior management, fostering existing and new client relationships.
Situated in Limerick, Ireland, Celignis currently operates at two centres, Celignis Analytical and Celignis Bioprocess, actively engaging in a variety of private and public bioeconomy projects. As we continue to expand, we're looking to strengthen our team of 14 with a Business Administration and Client Relationship Manager who can bring a blend of enthusiasm and expertise.
This position will involve working closely with senior management, fostering existing and new client relationships, and ensuring successful delivery of our services, playing a key role in our ongoing growth and success.
Click here for more details about the position.
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Apr 30th 2023
Celignis to Sponsor and Present at Major Biochar Event
The event takes place on May 3rd at Carrick-on-Shannon
We are pleased to announce that, on May 3rd, Celignis will be presenting and exhibiting at the National Biochar and Carbon Products Conference 2023, which is taking place in Carrick-on-Shannon in County Leitrm, Ireland.
This conference is being organised under the auspices of the Interreg Northwest Europe-funded THREE C Project, entitled 'Creating and sustaining Charcoal value chains to promote a Circular Carbon economy in NWE Europe'.
The conference will highlight both Irish stakeholders who are currently working in the biochar and carbon products sector, but also partners from the THREE C project (covering Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium, France and Wales, as well as Ireland) who have interesting stories and products to share.
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